In everyday language, this is known as a root canal. This treatment is used to preserve teeth whose pulp has become infected.
The pulp is the soft part of the tooth that extends inside it all the way to the tip of the root.
It consists of blood vessels, nerves and pulp tissue. When infected, it can cause pain or swelling. These teeth are preserved by removing the diseased tissue, chemical and mechanical cleaning, and hermetic sealing of the root canals.
Root-canal-treated teeth become more vulnerable to fractures, which is why, for longer-term preservation, it is recommended that they be protected either with an onlay restoration or a crown, which sometimes, in order to be supported, requires a post to be placed inside the canal beforehand.